241 lines
11 KiB
Text
241 lines
11 KiB
Text
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/** \file
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*
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* This file contains special DoxyGen information for the generation of the main page and other special
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* documentation pages. It is not a project source file.
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*/
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/** \mainpage Mass Storage Class USB AVR Bootloader
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*
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* \section Sec_Compat Demo Compatibility:
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*
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* The following list indicates what microcontrollers are compatible with this demo.
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*
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* \li Series 7 USB AVRs (AT90USBxxx7)
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* \li Series 6 USB AVRs (AT90USBxxx6)
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* \li Series 4 USB AVRs (ATMEGAxxU4) - <i>See \ref SSec_Aux_Space</i>
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* \li ATMEGA32U2 - <i>See \ref SSec_Aux_Space</i>
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*
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* \section Sec_Info USB Information:
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*
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* The following table gives a rundown of the USB utilization of this demo.
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*
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* <table>
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* <tr>
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* <td><b>USB Mode:</b></td>
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* <td>Device</td>
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* </tr>
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* <tr>
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* <td><b>USB Class:</b></td>
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* <td>Mass Storage Device</td>
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* </tr>
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* <tr>
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* <td><b>USB Subclass:</b></td>
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* <td>Bulk-Only Transport</td>
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* </tr>
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* <tr>
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* <td><b>Relevant Standards:</b></td>
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* <td>USBIF Mass Storage Standard \n
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* USB Bulk-Only Transport Standard \n
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* SCSI Primary Commands Specification \n
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* SCSI Block Commands Specification</td>
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* </tr>
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* <tr>
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* <td><b>Supported USB Speeds:</b></td>
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* <td>Full Speed Mode</td>
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* </tr>
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* </table>
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*
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* \section Sec_Description Project Description:
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*
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* This bootloader enumerates to the host as a Mass Storage device, capable of reading and writing a new binary
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* firmware image file, to load firmware onto the AVR.
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*
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* Out of the box this bootloader builds for the AT90USB1287 with an 8KB bootloader section size, and will fit
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* into 6KB of bootloader space. If you wish to alter this size and/or change the AVR model, you will need to
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* edit the MCU, FLASH_SIZE_KB and BOOT_SECTION_SIZE_KB values in the accompanying makefile.
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*
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* When the bootloader is running, the board's LED(s) will flash at regular intervals to distinguish the
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* bootloader from the normal user application.
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*
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* \warning <b>THIS BOOTLOADER IS NOT SECURE.</b> Malicious entities can recover written data, even if the device
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* lockbits are set.
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*
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* \section Sec_Running Running the Bootloader
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*
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* On the USB AVR8 devices, setting the \c HWBE device fuse will cause the bootloader to run if the \c HWB pin of
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* the AVR is grounded when the device is reset.
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*
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* The are two behaviours of this bootloader, depending on the device's fuses:
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*
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* <b>If the device's BOOTRST fuse is set</b>, the bootloader will run any time the system is reset from
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* the external reset pin, unless no valid user application has been loaded. To initiate the bootloader, the
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* device's external reset pin should be grounded momentarily.
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*
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* <b>If the device's BOOTRST fuse is not set</b>, the bootloader will run only if initiated via a software
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* jump, or if the \c HWB pin was low during the last device reset (if the \c HWBE fuse is set).
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*
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* For board specific exceptions to the above, see below.
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*
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* \subsection SSec_XPLAIN Atmel Xplain Board
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* Ground the USB AVR JTAG's \c TCK pin to ground when powering on the board to start the bootloader. This assumes the
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* \c HWBE fuse is cleared and the \c BOOTRST fuse is set as the HWBE pin is not user accessible on this board.
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*
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* \subsection SSec_Leonardo Arduino Leonardo Board
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* Ground \c IO13 when powering the board to start the bootloader. This assumes the \c HWBE fuse is cleared and the
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* \c BOOTRST fuse is set as the HWBE pin is not user accessible on this board.
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*
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* \section Sec_Installation Driver Installation
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*
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* This bootloader uses the Mass Storage drivers inbuilt into all modern operating systems, thus no additional
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* drivers need to be supplied for correct operation.
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*
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* \section Sec_HostApp Host Controller Application
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*
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* This bootloader is compatible with all operating systems that support the FAT12 file system format. To reprogram the
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* device, overwrite a file stored on the virtual FAT filesystem with a new binary (BIN format) image. Remember to safely
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* remove your device from the host using the host OS's ejection APIs, to ensure all data is correctly flushed to the
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* bootloader's virtual filesystem and not cached in the OS's file system driver.
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*
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* The current device firmware can be read from the device by reading a file from the virtual FAT filesystem. Two files will
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* be present:
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* - <b>FLASH.BIN</b>, representing the AVR's internal flash memory
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* - <b>EEPROM.BIN</b>, representing the AVR's internal EEPROM memory
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*
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* To convert an existing Intel HEX (.HEX) program file to a binary (.BIN) file suitable for this bootloader, run:
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* \code
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* avr-objcopy -O binary -R .eeprom -R .fuse -R .lock -R .signature input.hex output.bin
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* \endcode
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* From a terminal, replacing <tt>input.hex</tt> and <tt>output.bin</tt> with the respective input and output filenames.
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* AVR EEPROM data files in Intel HEX format (.EEP) uses a similar technique:
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* \code
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* avr-objcopy -O binary input.eep output.bin
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* \endcode
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*
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* \warning This bootloader is currently <b>incompatible with the Apple MacOS X OS Finder GUI</b>, due to the
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* large amount of meta files this OS attempts to write to the disk along with the new binaries. On
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* this platform, firmwares must be copied to the disk via the Terminal application only to prevent
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* firmware corruption.
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*
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* \section Sec_API User Application API
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*
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* Several user application functions for FLASH and other special memory area manipulations are exposed by the bootloader,
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* allowing the user application to call into the bootloader at runtime to read and write FLASH data.
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*
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* By default, the bootloader API jump table is located 32 bytes from the end of the device's FLASH memory, and follows the
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* following layout:
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*
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* \code
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* #define BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE 32
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* #define BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START ((FLASHEND + 1UL) - BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE)
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* #define BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(Index) (void*)((BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (Index * 2)) / 2)
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*
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* void (*BootloaderAPI_ErasePage)(uint32_t Address) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(0);
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* void (*BootloaderAPI_WritePage)(uint32_t Address) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(1);
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* void (*BootloaderAPI_FillWord)(uint32_t Address, uint16_t Word) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(2);
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* uint8_t (*BootloaderAPI_ReadSignature)(uint16_t Address) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(3);
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* uint8_t (*BootloaderAPI_ReadFuse)(uint16_t Address) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(4);
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* uint8_t (*BootloaderAPI_ReadLock)(void) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(5);
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* void (*BootloaderAPI_WriteLock)(uint8_t LockBits) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(6);
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*
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* #define BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE_START (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE - 2))
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* #define BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE 0xDCFB
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*
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* #define BOOTLOADER_CLASS_SIGNATURE_START (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE - 4))
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* #define BOOTLOADER_MASS_STORAGE_SIGNATURE 0xDF30
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*
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* #define BOOTLOADER_ADDRESS_START (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE - 8))
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* #define BOOTLOADER_ADDRESS_LENGTH 4
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* \endcode
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*
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* From the application the API support of the bootloader can be detected by reading the FLASH memory bytes located at address
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* \c BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE_START and comparing them to the value \c BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE. The class of bootloader
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* can be determined by reading the FLASH memory bytes located at address \c BOOTLOADER_CLASS_SIGNATURE_START and comparing them
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* to the value \c BOOTLOADER_MASS_STORAGE_SIGNATURE. The start address of the bootloader can be retrieved by reading the bytes
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* of FLASH memory starting from address \c BOOTLOADER_ADDRESS_START.
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*
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* \subsection SSec_Aux_Space Auxiliary Bootloader Section
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* To make the bootloader function on smaller devices (those with a physical bootloader section of smaller than 6KB) a second
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* section of memory (called the <i>Auxiliary Bootloader Section</i>) is added before the start of the real bootloader section,
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* and is filled with a portion of the bootloader code. This allows smaller devices to run the bootloader, at the cost of an
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* additional portion of the device's FLASH (the bootloader section size in KB subtracted from the 6KB total size). A small
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* trampoline is inserted at the start of the auxiliary section so that the bootloader will run normally in the case of a blank
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* application section.
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*
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* On devices supporting a 8KB bootloader section size, the AUX section is not created in the final binary.
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*
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* \subsection SSec_API_MemLayout Device Memory Map
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* The following illustration indicates the final memory map of the device when loaded with the bootloader.
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*
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* \verbatim
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* +----------------------------+ 0x0000
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* | |
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* | |
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* | |
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* | |
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* | |
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* | |
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* | |
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* | |
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* | User Application |
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* | |
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* | |
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* | |
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* | |
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* | |
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* | |
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* | |
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* | |
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* +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - BOOT_SECTION_SIZE - BOOT_AUX_SECTION_SIZE
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* | Booloader Start Trampoline |
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* | (Not User App. Accessible) |
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* +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - BOOT_SECTION_SIZE - BOOT_AUX_SECTION_SIZE + 4
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* | |
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* | Auxiliary Bootloader |
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* | Space for Smaller Devices |
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* | (Not User App. Accessible) |
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* | |
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* +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - BOOT_SECTION_SIZE
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* | |
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* | Bootloader Application |
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* | (Not User App. Accessible) |
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* | |
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* +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - 96
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* | API Table Trampolines |
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* | (Not User App. Accessible) |
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* +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - 32
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* | Bootloader API Table |
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* | (User App. Accessible) |
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* +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - 8
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* | Bootloader ID Constants |
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* | (User App. Accessible) |
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* +----------------------------+ FLASHEND
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* \endverbatim
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*
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* \section Sec_KnownIssues Known Issues:
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*
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* \par In some cases, the application is not fully loaded into the device.
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* Write-caching on some operating systems may interfere with the normal
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* operation of the bootloader. Write caching should be disabled when using the
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* Mass Storage bootloader, or the file system synced via an appropriate command
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* (such as the OS's normal disk ejection command) before disconnecting the device.
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*
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* \section Sec_Options Project Options
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*
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* The following defines can be found in this demo, which can control the demo behaviour when defined, or changed in value.
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*
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* <table>
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* <tr>
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* <th><b>Define Name:</b></th>
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* <th><b>Location:</b></th>
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* <th><b>Description:</b></th>
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* </tr>
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* <tr>
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* <td>NO_APP_START_ON_EJECT</td>
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* <td>AppConfig.h</td>
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* <td>Define to disable automatic start of the loaded application when the virtual
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* Mass Storage disk is ejected on the host.</td>
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* </tr>
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* </table>
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*/
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